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                                     http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/
     _________________________________________________________________

                           Le Monde diplomatique


                            { english edition }

                                 July, 1997



    LEADER

     Europe under the Bundesbank
       by Ignacio Ramonet

     Three men dominate Europe: Helmut Kohl, Theo Waigel and Hans
     Tietmayer. They are the fundamentalists of strong money, the
     fanatics of convergence, and they dictate the monetary policy of
     the Fifteen. This despite the hopes raised by the new governments
     in France and the UK and the preponderance of the
     left-of-centre in the rest of Europe.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/ignacio.html


     A new deal for France
       by Ignacio Ramonet

     The time has passed when electorates can be fooled. The French
     voters' response in the ballot box turned President Jacques
     Chirac's opportunism into a miserable failure. It is now up to the
     new prime minister, Lionel Jospin, to keep his promises.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/france.html




    AFRICA'S NEW GEOPOLITICS

     Shock waves after Mobutu
       by Philippe Leymarie

     Post-Mobutu Africa is showing distinct signs of change. A number of
     countries are intervening actively in the affairs of the continent
     and are no longer looking to the West, which has much to learn from
     the recent upheavals and their geopolitical repercussions.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/africa.html


     New leader, new lessons
       by Colette Braeckman

     The military machine which brought about President Mobutu's
     downfall was well-oiled. And Laurent Kabila has been able to
     placate his regional backers (possibly at the price of the Rwandan
     refugees...) But his political team is far from experienced. Will
     it meet the democratic aspirations of the people and preserve its
     institutions and internal balance?
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/braeckman.html




    VICTIMS OF POVERTY AND TRADITION

     The secret scourge of African women
        by Joelle Stolz and Philippe Le Faure

     Childbirth remains an untold risk throughout the developing world,
     bringing death and permanent disability to the world's poor. Two
     million women suffer from fistulae, a degrading condition which
     makes them outcasts in their own society - and which could be
     treated... In Nigeria the situation is particularly grim, with 1 in
     25 dying of childbirth complications
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/african.html




    HOPES OF PEACE, FEARS OF CONFLAGRATION

     The post-election line-up in Northern Ireland
       by Paul Brennan

     The people of Northern Ireland have shown their desire for peace at
     the polls. New governments in London and Dublin, and encouragement
     from Washington, have brought fresh hopes of a cease-fire. But on
     the ground seasonal violence has begun once more and the situation
     remains tense.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/ireland.html




    UNCERTAINTY OVER THE WELFARE STATE

     Miracle or mirage in the Netherlands?
       By Dominique Vidal

     In the search for a fresh new economic model, the media has turned
     to the Netherlands in admiration, hoping to raise flagging hopes in
     the run up to the euro. But the Dutch experience is not exportable.
     And in Amsterdam the picture is not so rosy.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/netherlan.html





    ADAPTING TO A UNI-POLAR WORLD

     Creating stability is a number one priority for India. To do this,
     it needs to anchor itself more firmly in the region.
     Introduction
       by Manuel Lucbert
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/indialead.html


     India in search of Asian allies
       by Jyotsna Saksena

     India has had to adapt to the end of the bi-polar world. This
     wide-ranging review of New Delhi's regional and international
     relations 50 years after independence shows the present government
     of Inder Kumar Gujral successfully balancing the country's economic
     and geopolitical priorities.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/india.html


     Kashmiri bone of contention
       by Jyotsna Saksena

     After wars and insurrection, the prospect of a settlement in the
     dispute over Kashmir is now emerging. Pakistan has long claimed
     Kashmir on account of its largely Muslim population, while India
     has affirmed its legal possession of the territory since 1947. The
     views of the Kashmiri population must also be considered. But Indian
     Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral's conciliatory approach is opening
     the way to progress.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/kashmir.html




    NO DELIGHT FOR TURKEY

     New faces of Islam
       by Wendy Kristianasen

     As a result of Turkey's special characteristics, which differ from
     the other countries of the region, a brand of purely Turkish
     Islamism has evolved. Recently in government, the Islamists pose a
     serious threat to the secular establishment. Through their
     energetic grassroots activities they have won over both the poor
     and the middle classes of Anatolia. In response to this challenge,
     the secular middle classes have started rebuilding their own civil
     society.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/turkey.html


     Machinations of the press
       by Nur Dolay

     Turkey's press has merged into powerful media conglomerates backed
     by public and private funding. These empires have used their
     increasing monopoly to sideline independent voices. They have also
     engaged in political machinations, covering up ex-Prime Minister
     Tansu Cillers's unsavoury dealings and conspiring to bring about
     the Refah Party's fall.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/turkeypress.html




    IN THE MIDDLE EAST DEADLOCK

     Egypt's intellectuals rediscover Nasser
       by Richard Jacquemond

     Egypt continues its close alliance with the United States but is
     giving increasing leeway to public opinion, which is often highly
     critical of the US. This new freedom has resulted in a blossoming of
     books, press and TV in a "paper democracy" in which the secular
     left and conservative (often Islamist) circles are making common
     cause. But with a number of paradoxes...
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/egypt.html




    US OPTIONS FOR EUROPE

     Nato on Russia's doorstep
       by Paul-Marie de la Gorce

     In May the Founding Act ended a long diplomatic battle over NATO
     enlargement. This was a victory for the United States, seeking to
     continue its domination of Europe, but a decided failure for
     France's policy of "European autonomy".
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/nato.html


     Europe says no to a defence system of its own
       by Paul-Marie de la Gorce

     Since the end of the cold war, France, like other European
     countries, has reviewed its military policy. And Maastricht
     provides for a Common Foreign and Security Policy. But, with other
     European countries unprepared for a genuinely European defence system,
     France's efforts have failed.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/defence.html




    PICTURES AND POLITICS

     Beyond the frame
       by Bernard Edelman and Edgar Roskis

     Who owns an image - its subject or its photographic creator? When
     the Eiffel Tower was built, a court ruled that its photographic
     reproduction was in the public interest, overriding its architect's
     copyright. But these days the courts are increasingly on the side
     of the "subject", to the detriment of photographers and the public
     alike.
       http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/md/1997/07/en/photo.html



       ______________________________________________________________


   ABOUT SUBCOMMANDER MARCOS' FORTHCOMING ARTICLE

     Le Monde diplomatique will publish, in its August 1997 edition,
     an article by subcommander Marcos. An English translation
     will be available in September on our web site.



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